písal

Písal is a traditional Czech and Slovak handwriting script that was widely used in the Middle Ages and early modern period. It evolved from the Carolingian minuscule script, which was introduced to Central Europe during the Carolingian Renaissance in the 9th century. The name "písal" derives from the Czech and Slovak verb *písat*, meaning "to write," and refers to the distinctive style of writing that emerged in the region.

The písal script is characterized by its rounded, flowing letters and a lack of serifs, which distinguishes it from later European scripts like Gothic or Renaissance humanist scripts. It was commonly used in religious texts, administrative documents, and literary works, particularly in Bohemia, Moravia, and Slovakia. Notable examples include manuscripts from the Benedictine monastery in Sázava and the chronicles of Cosmas of Prague.

By the 16th century, the písal script began to decline in favor of more legible and standardized forms, such as the humanist script introduced during the Renaissance. However, it remained in use for certain ceremonial or decorative purposes well into the 17th century. Today, písal is primarily studied by historians, paleographers, and enthusiasts of medieval calligraphy as a key example of Central European script development.

The script’s influence extends beyond written documents, as it also shaped early printed books in Czech and Slovak, particularly in the 15th and 16th centuries. Scholars continue to analyze písal manuscripts to better understand medieval literacy, cultural exchange, and the evolution of written language in the region.