pääkallistuksen

Pääkallistuksen is a Finnish term that translates to "skull drilling" or "trepanation." It refers to a surgical procedure in which a hole is bored or scraped into the human skull. Evidence of trepanation dates back to the Neolithic period, with archaeological findings across the globe, including in Finland.

The exact reasons for performing pääkallistuksen in ancient times are not fully understood and likely varied. Theories include medical interventions to treat head injuries, relieve intracranial pressure, or address conditions like epilepsy or mental illness. It is also hypothesized that the procedure may have had ritualistic or spiritual significance, perhaps to release spirits or enhance spiritual perception.

The technique involved using sharp tools, such as stone or bone instruments, to create an opening in the skull. The size and shape of these openings varied. In some cases, the bone would grow back over time, indicating that the individual survived the procedure. In other instances, the hole remained open.

While ancient trepanation was a relatively common practice in certain prehistoric cultures, modern medical trepanation, known as craniotomy, is a complex surgical procedure performed under sterile conditions with advanced tools and anesthesia to treat specific neurological conditions. The historical practice of pääkallistuksen offers a fascinating glimpse into early human understanding of the body and its ailments.