päikeseluinehaigus

Päikeseluinehaigus, also known as solar urticaria, is a rare skin condition characterized by an abnormal reaction to sunlight. It falls under the category of photosensitivity disorders. The primary symptom is the development of itchy, red welts or hives on skin areas that have been exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, typically within minutes of exposure.

The severity of the reaction can vary from mild irritation to more significant swelling and discomfort. In some cases, prolonged or intense exposure can lead to more systemic symptoms like headaches, nausea, or fatigue, although these are less common. The exact cause of päikeseluinehaigus is not fully understood, but it is believed to be an allergic-type reaction where the body's immune system overreacts to UV light, triggering the release of histamine and other inflammatory chemicals in the skin.

Diagnosis is usually made based on a patient's history of sun-induced reactions and sometimes confirmed through phototesting, where controlled exposure to UV light is used to reproduce the symptoms. Treatment focuses on prevention and symptom management. Strict avoidance of direct sunlight, use of protective clothing, and broad-spectrum sunscreens are crucial. Antihistamines can help alleviate itching and redness. In severe cases, medications like corticosteroids or phototherapy with carefully controlled UV exposure might be considered. The condition can fluctuate in severity over time.