pysähtyneenä

Pysähtyneenä is a Finnish term used in grammar to denote the essive form of the past participle of the verb pysähtyä, meaning "to stop" or "to come to a halt." The form literally conveys "being stopped" or "in a stopped state." It is used to describe a condition or state rather than an action, and it typically appears with the verb olla or in predicative constructions.

Formation: The root pysähty- yields the past participle pysähtynyt ("stopped"). The essive form for describing a state is pysähtyneenä. This form marks a temporary or ongoing state in the predicative position.

Usage: In modern Finnish, pysähtyneenä is most common in written, descriptive, or journalistic contexts where a situation is being characterized. Examples: "Liikenne on pysähtyneenä" (Traffic is at a standstill). "Tilanne on pysähtyneenä" (The situation is stalled). It contrasts with pysähtynyt, which describes the action of stopping or the state after stopping.

Notes: The essive case marks a state of existence or condition and has several uses beyond this particular form. Pysähtyneenä is one of several predicative forms used with participles; it is not as frequent in everyday speech as other constructions, and may sound formal or literary.

See also: pysähtyä, pysähdys, essive case, Finnish grammar.