pumppu

Pumppu is a device used to move liquids or gases by converting energy into hydraulic pressure. In Finnish usage the word refers to a wide range of devices that create flow by producing pressure, suction, or both, enabling transport of fluids from one location to another. Pumps are essential in residential, industrial, and agricultural systems, as well as in laboratory and medical equipment.

There are two broad families of pumps. Positive-displacement pumps trap a fixed amount of fluid and then force it through the discharge, making the flow relatively independent of pressure. Examples include piston, plunger, diaphragm, gear, and peristaltic pumps. Dynamic or centrifugal pumps impart kinetic energy to the fluid via an impeller, generating flow by converting velocity into pressure; these are common for water supply, cooling, and processing lines.

Typical components include a housing, an energy-transmitting element (such as an impeller or piston), seals, and inlet and outlet ports. Pumps must be sized for the required flow and head. They may require priming to remove air, and running a pump dry can cause damage or cavitation in some designs. Materials vary from plastics and cast metals to stainless steel, depending on the fluid and environment.

Common applications span domestic water systems, rainwater harvesting, irrigation, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, automotive and industrial fluids, laboratory instruments, and small-scale hydraulic systems. Maintenance involves regular inspection for leaks, wear, and overheating, replacement of seals or bearings, and ensuring proper lubrication and electrical connections in motor-driven variants.