publiées

Publiées is the feminine plural past participle of the French verb publier, meaning published. In grammar, past participles used as adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify.

When used with the auxiliary avoir in compound tenses, the participle agrees with a preceding direct object. For example: “Les lettres qu’elles ont publiées” shows agreement with the feminine plural noun lettres. By contrast, if the preceding object is masculine, the form would be “publiés,” as in “Les rapports qu’elles ont publiés.”

Publiées commonly appears to describe feminine plural nouns that denote items that have been released to the public. Examples include “œuvres publiées,” “données publiées,” and “publiées cette année.” The masculine equivalent is publié (e.g., “ouvrage publié,” “résultats publiés”).

In contemporary usage, publiées also appears in bibliographic, archival, and digital contexts to indicate the publication status of resources. It is contrasted with non publiées (unpublished) or with expressions like publiées en ligne (published online). While the form is specifically feminine plural, the underlying concept applies across genres and media, where the emphasis is on items that have undergone publication or distribution to the public.