prostaglandinbased

Prostaglandin-based refers to substances, therapies, and research that rely on prostaglandins or their receptors. Prostaglandins are a group of lipid compounds derived from arachidonic acid through cyclooxygenase enzymes. They function as local mediators in inflammation, vascular tone, gastric protection, reproductive physiology, and other processes. In medicine, prostaglandins or their analogs can be used to mimic or modulate these actions.

Clinically used prostaglandin analogs include dinoprostone (PGE2) for cervical ripening and labor induction; misoprostol (PGE1) for gastric protection and obstetric indications; alprostadil (PGE1) to maintain ductus arteriosus in some newborns; latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, and tafluprost (prostaglandin F2alpha analogs) used to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma and, in some cases, promote eyelash growth. These agents act by activating specific prostaglandin receptors (such as EP and FP subtypes), which leads to downstream effects appropriate to the indication.

Safety and pharmacology: Side effects vary by agent and route, including headaches, flushing, edema, conjunctival hyperemia, abdominal cramps, nausea, or uterine contractions. NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and can attenuate the effects of prostaglandin-based therapies. Dosing and administration routes are tailored to the clinical indication.

Research and scope: The field encompasses endogenous prostaglandin signaling and synthetic analogs designed to improve selectivity and reduce adverse effects. Ongoing work investigates receptor-subtype selectivity, novel delivery systems, and new therapeutic indications.