prop2enal

Prop-2-enal, commonly known as acrolein, is an unsaturated aldehyde with the chemical formula C3H4O. It is the simplest enal, containing a vinyl group conjugated to an aldehyde. Acrolein is a volatile, colorless to faintly yellow liquid at room temperature with a sharp, acrid odor. It is highly reactive, readily undergoing polymerization and oxidation, and it is a strong electrophile.

Production and occurrence: Industrially, acrolein is mainly produced by the catalytic oxidation of propylene, sometimes in processes that also yield acrylic acid as a co-product. It can also be generated by dehydration or oxidation routes from glycerol, including methods that utilize renewable feedstocks. Trace amounts may occur naturally in combustion processes, including cigarette smoke and high-temperature fat pyrolysis.

Applications: Acrolein serves principally as an industrial intermediate in the production of acrylic acid and its esters, which are precursors to a wide range of polymers and plastics. It is also used in some chemical syntheses, as a biocide, and as a crosslinking agent in certain polymer systems.

Safety and handling: Acrolein is highly toxic and a potent irritant to skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. It is a lachrymator and a reactive electrophile that can polymerize exothermically. It may form peroxides during storage and requires handling under appropriate containment, with suitable ventilation and personal protective equipment. Stabilizers and inhibitors are commonly used in storage and transport. It is subject to regulation due to its toxicity and environmental concerns.