proneurotensin

Proneurotensin is a precursor protein that is processed to produce neurotensin, a neuropeptide involved in various physiological functions. The gene encoding proneurotensin is located on chromosome 17 in humans. The proneurotensin precursor is synthesized in neurons and endocrine cells, particularly in the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. Upon synthesis, proneurotensin undergoes post-translational modification, a series of enzymatic cleavages, to generate mature neurotensin and other smaller peptides. Neurotensin is a 13-amino acid peptide that plays roles in thermoregulation, pain perception, cardiovascular regulation, and digestive processes. It is released in response to stimuli such as food intake, particularly fats and carbohydrates. The release of neurotensin can modulate gastric emptying, pancreatic secretion, and intestinal motility. In the brain, neurotensin acts as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, influencing mood, anxiety, and appetite. Dysregulation of the neurotensin system has been implicated in various neurological and gastrointestinal disorders, suggesting its importance in maintaining homeostasis.