projektilek

Projektilek are objects that are launched into motion by an initial force and then travel through air or water primarily under the influence of inertia, gravity, and fluid resistance. The term spans military, sport, and industrial contexts and includes both unguided and guided forms.

Key physical properties include mass, cross-sectional area, shape, and velocity at launch. Drag acts to slow the projectile; stability is essential for accuracy and is achieved by spin, fin design, or aerodynamic shaping. The ballistic coefficient is used to compare performance across calibers.

Common examples include bullets and artillery shells (unguided projectiles), arrows and spears (propelled by mechanical energy), and rockets and missiles (propelled by internal thrust and, in some cases, guided).

Historically projektilek evolved from stones and spears to bow and arrow, gunpowder firearms, and modern guided munitions. Research focuses on reducing drag, improving stability, and penetration. Safety and regulation govern handling, storage, and use, notably in military ranges and sporting fields.