presuposición

Presuposición is a concept in linguistics and philosophy of language that refers to an unstated assumption that is taken for granted by a speaker or writer. It is a belief that must be true for a statement to make sense or to be felicitous. Presuppositions are not explicitly asserted but are implied by the utterance. For example, in the sentence "John stopped smoking," the presupposition is that John used to smoke. If John never smoked, the sentence would be considered infelicitous or nonsensical.

Presuppositions can be triggered by various linguistic elements, such as specific verbs, noun phrases, or sentence structures. Quantifiers like "all," "some," and "no" can also carry presuppositions. For instance, "All of John's children are asleep" presupposes that John has children. Similarly, definite descriptions, like "the current King of France," presuppose the existence of the entity they refer to.

The truth or falsity of a presupposition is independent of the truth or falsity of the main assertion. If the presupposition is false, the statement is typically considered to be neither true nor false, but rather meaningless or inappropriate in the given context. Presuppositions play a crucial role in communication by allowing speakers to convey information efficiently without explicitly stating every underlying assumption. They contribute to the coherence and naturalness of conversation. Understanding presuppositions is important for analyzing meaning, intent, and potential ambiguities in language.