powinni

Powinni is a Polish grammatical inflection used to express obligation or recommendation. It is the masculine plural present-tense form of the verb phrase that expresses what a group of male-bodied or mixed-gender subjects should do. It is typically followed by another verb in the infinitive or by a clause, as in Oni powinni to zrobić (They should do that). As a modal-like element, powinni functions together with a main verb to indicate advisability rather than a forceful command.

In the broader system of Polish verb forms, related forms include powinien (masculine singular), powinna (feminine singular), powinniśmy (we should), and powinniście (you all should). Powinni itself does not stand alone as a complete action; it forms part of a verb phrase that conveys duty, obligation, or recommendation.

Usage and nuance: powinni denotes a recommendation or obligation that is milder than must (musieć) but stronger than casual advice. The exact strength can vary with context, tone, and accompanying words. It is common in both spoken and written Polish, including journalism, education, and everyday conversation.

Etymology and prevalence: powinni derives from the root powin- related to obligation or duty. The form is widely used in contemporary Polish and appears across dialects and registers. Its usage helps articulate what is considered appropriate, expected, or prudent for a subject or group.