potstill

A potstill is a type of batch distillation apparatus used to produce spirits such as whiskey, rum, brandy, and other fortified beverages. It typically consists of a large pot or boiler where the fermented mash is heated, a sealed lid with a gooseneck or cap, a connecting neck or lyne arm, and a condenser to cool and collect the vapors. Most traditional pot stills are made of copper, though stainless steel variants exist. Heat can be supplied by direct flame, gas, or steam.

In operation, the mash is heated in the pot and the rising vapors travel up the neck before condensing in the condenser. Unlike continuous column stills, a potstill distills in batches and does not achieve complete separation in a single run. The distillate is typically divided into fractions: heads (early vapors), hearts (the desirable middle portion), and tails (later vapors). The heart is collected for aging or bottling, while the heads and tails are often redistilled or discarded. Copper is valued for reacting with sulfur compounds and other impurities, contributing to flavor and aroma.

Uses and variations. Potstills are favored where flavor and character are important, such as traditional Scotch whisky, cognac, and certain rums and brandies. Many distilleries employ a two-still process, using a wash still to produce low wines and a separate spirit still to refine the product. Attachments such as thumpers or doublers can be added to increase proof and alter profile.

Safety and regulation. Distillation of alcohol is regulated in many jurisdictions and requires appropriate licenses and safety measures due to fire, pressure, and vapor hazards.