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Potassium is a chemical element with the symbol K and atomic number 19. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal that is highly reactive, especially with water. Potassium is essential for various biological functions, including nerve and muscle function, heart activity, and fluid balance. It is the seventh most abundant element by mass in the human body and the eighth most abundant element in the Earth's crust.

Potassium is found in various minerals and compounds, with the most common being potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), and potassium nitrate (KNO3). These compounds are used in fertilizers, glass production, and as a source of potassium in dietary supplements. Potassium is also a byproduct of the nuclear fission process and is used in the production of nuclear weapons.

Potassium has several isotopes, with the most stable being potassium-39 and potassium-41. Potassium-40 is radioactive and has a half-life of about 1.25 billion years. It is used in radiometric dating to determine the age of rocks and minerals.

Potassium is an essential nutrient for humans and animals. It is found in various foods, including fruits, vegetables, and grains. Potassium deficiency can lead to various health issues, including muscle weakness, fatigue, and irregular heart rhythms. Potassium supplements are available for those who do not consume enough potassium in their diet.