posíleny

Posíleny is a Czech term that functions as the past passive participle of the verb posílit, meaning to strengthen or to make stronger. It is used to describe a state resulting from an action in the past and, like other participles in Czech, it agrees with the subject in gender and number.

Morphology and usage

As a past active participle, posílit yields several inflected forms. In singular, the forms are posílený (masculine), posílená (feminine), and posílené (neuter). In plural, forms typically appear as posíleni for masculine or mixed-gender subjects and posíleny for feminine subjects; neuter plural forms can vary by construction but are less common in ordinary prose. The form posíleny is thus commonly encountered with plural feminine subjects or in contexts where feminine plural is appropriate, especially after a linking verb such as bývaly/byly.

Etymology

The word is derived from the prefix po- combined with sílit (to strengthen), yielding a participle that denotes a resulting state of strengthenedness. It should be distinguished from the noun posílení, which refers to the act or process of becoming stronger rather than to the state itself.

Examples

A common usage is: Síly byly posíleny novými jednotkami. The forces were strengthened by new units. This demonstrates the participle’s role in passive voice constructions expressing a completed strengthening.

Related terms

Related forms include posílit (to strengthen), posílení (strengthening, as a noun), and the present participle posilující (strengthening). Posíleny appears primarily in written or formal contexts where plural feminine reference is intended.