porturi

Porturi (Romanian for "ports") refers to two main concepts depending on context: maritime harbors and network endpoints in information technology.

Porturi as harbors are facilities that enable ships to dock, load, and unload goods. They range from natural harbors to purpose-built terminals with cranes, warehouses, container yards, and logistics infrastructure. They may include customs offices, passenger facilities, and shipyards. Ports are pivotal in trade, enabling international and domestic movement of goods, passengers, and energy. Their location, depth, and hinterland connections (rail, road, inland waterways) influence their capacity and economic role. They are operated by public authorities or private consortia and are subject to regulation, safety standards, environmental rules, and maritime law. Major examples include the port of Shanghai, Singapore, Rotterdam, and Los Angeles, among many others.

Porturi also denote network ports in computing, endpoints used by transport protocols such as TCP and UDP to address services on a host. A port number is a 16-bit value (0–65535). Well-known ports (0–1023) are associated with common services, e.g., 80 for HTTP, 443 for HTTPS, 22 for SSH. Registered ports (1024–49151) are assigned to specific services, while dynamic/private ports (49152–65535) are used transiently by clients. In practice, ports enable multiple services to run on a single device and are managed by operating systems, firewalls, and network policies. Proper port configuration, closing unused ports, and secure service exposure are important for security.