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Polearms are a category of melee weapons characterized by a shaft or pole, typically made of wood, to which a sharpened metal head is attached. This design allows for a greater reach than hand-held weapons, providing tactical advantages in combat and hunting. The variety of polearms is extensive, with different cultures and historical periods developing distinct forms based on their specific needs and available technology.

Common features across many polearms include the length of the shaft, which can vary significantly, and the type of head. Spearheads, for instance, are common, focusing on thrusting and piercing. Other heads are designed for cutting or chopping, such as axe blades or scythe-like blades. Some polearms combine multiple functions, featuring both a piercing point and a cutting edge or hook.

Historically, polearms were crucial military weapons. They were effective against cavalry charges, allowing infantry to keep mounted opponents at bay. They also played a role in siege warfare and were used for hunting large game. The specific nomenclature for polearms is diverse and can be confusing, with terms like halberd, glaive, pike, and spear representing distinct variations on the basic concept of a weapon mounted on a pole. The development and use of polearms declined with the advent of firearms, but they remain a fascinating area of historical study and a subject of interest for martial artists and reenactors.