polarisen

Polarisen is a term encountered in some languages and older literature to denote the process or state of polarization in physical systems. In modern English scientific writing, the preferred terms are polarization (noun) or polarisation (British spelling). Because of regional variation and historical usage, polarisen is not widely used in current English texts, and its exact meaning can depend on context.

Polarization can refer to several related phenomena. Light polarization describes the orientation of the electric field vector of an electromagnetic wave, which can be linear, circular, or elliptical. Dielectric polarization refers to the alignment of molecular dipoles or charge distribution inside a material when an electric field is applied. Spin polarization describes an imbalance in population among spin states in electrons or other fermions, often relevant in quantum and spintronic contexts.

Measurement and analysis of polarization employ techniques such as polarimetry, which assesses the state of polarization of light, and ellipsometry, which characterizes how a material alters polarization upon reflection or transmission. Spin polarization can be quantified with spin-resolved spectroscopy or through transport measurements in spintronic devices.

Applications of polarization control span several fields. In optics, polarizers, waveplates, and liquid-crystal displays rely on managing polarization. In telecommunications, polarization-division multiplexing increases data capacity in fiber-optic networks. In materials science, polarization phenomena underlie ferroelectric and piezoelectric effects, which are exploited in sensors and actuators.

Etymology and usage: the root stems from Latin polaris meaning pole. The term polarisen appears primarily in multilingual or historical sources; in English, polarization or polarisation is standard, with polarisen serving as a regional or archaic variant in some contexts.