polümeerelektrolüüdiks

Polümeerelektrolüüdiks refers to a solid electrolyte material composed of a polymer matrix that conducts ions. Unlike traditional liquid electrolytes, which can be volatile and pose safety risks, polymer electrolytes offer enhanced safety, mechanical flexibility, and a wider electrochemical window. These materials are typically made by dissolving a polymer, such as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), in a solvent along with a lithium salt or other ionic salt. Upon solvent evaporation, a solid film is formed where the polymer chains provide a pathway for ion transport, often through segmental motion.

The ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes is generally lower than that of liquid electrolytes at room temperature, but it can be significantly improved by increasing the temperature or by incorporating ceramic fillers or plasticizers. Research efforts are focused on developing new polymer architectures and composite materials to enhance conductivity, stability, and overall performance.

Polümeerelektrolüüdiks find applications in various electrochemical devices, most notably in solid-state batteries. Their flexibility allows for the fabrication of thin, lightweight, and conformable battery designs, which are crucial for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and flexible electronics. They are also explored for use in supercapacitors, fuel cells, and sensors, where their unique properties offer advantages over conventional materials. The development of efficient and cost-effective polymer electrolytes remains a key area of research for next-generation energy storage solutions.