podpisanie

Podpisanie is the act of signing a document or agreement, by which a person or persons affix their signature to confirm authenticity, consent, and obligation. It marks the moment of assent and binding effect. The term comes from the Polish word podpis (signature) with the suffix -anie denoting an action.

Signatures can be handwritten (podpis odręczny) or electronic (podpis elektroniczny). In Poland and under European Union law, a qualified electronic signature (podpis kwalifikowany) has the same legal effect as a handwritten signature; other electronic signatures may be valid but carry different evidentiary weight.

Legal significance: Signing is usually necessary to form a contract or other legal act. The date and place of signing, the identity of signatories, and the method of signing can affect enforceability and the calculation of deadlines. Forgery or falsification of a signature is a criminal act and may render documents invalid or contested.

Practical use: Podpisanie occurs in contracts, letters of intent, powers of attorney, official forms, and administrative filings. Some documents require signatures in ink on paper; others can be signed digitally with appropriate safeguards, such as authentication and audit trails. The requirement and strength of the signature depend on the legal act and the governing rules governing the document.