podobnými

Podobnými is a Czech word form that serves as the instrumental plural form of the adjective podobný, meaning "similar" or "like." It is used to modify plural nouns that are in the instrumental case, and it generally expresses a sense of similarity or resemblance.

In practice, подобnými appears when the noun it describes is introduced with the preposition s (with) or in contexts requiring the instrumental case. Common examples include s podobnými lidmi (with similar people) and podobnými způsoby (in similar ways). Like other Czech adjectives, it agrees in gender, number, and case, and the instrumental plural ending is -nými across genders.

Semantically, podobný denotes likeness in appearance, characteristics, function, or relationship rather than exact equality or identity. The nuance can range from casual resemblance to more defined similarities, depending on context and contrast with other descriptors.

Related terms include the noun podobnost, meaning "similarity," and the adverb podobně, meaning "similarly." The base adjective is podobný, and its other declined forms cover the rest of the grammatical scenarios in Czech.

Usage notes: podobnými is common in descriptive or comparative writing and speeches. It should be distinguished from synonyms like stejný (the same) or podobný as a general term of similarity. As with all adjectives in Czech, correct usage depends on the grammatical case and number of the noun it modifies.