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The Pleistocene Epoch is a geological epoch that spanned from approximately 2.58 million years ago to 11,700 years ago. It is the second epoch of the Neogene Period and the Quaternary System. The Pleistocene is characterized by repeated cycles of glacial and interglacial periods, which have significantly influenced global climate and ecosystems. This epoch is notable for the appearance of modern humans, Homo sapiens, around 300,000 years ago, and the development of complex human cultures.
The Pleistocene is divided into three sub-epochs: the Gelasian, the Calabrian, and the Pleistocene. The Gelasian
The Pleistocene is marked by significant climatic changes, including the onset of the Quaternary glaciation around
The Pleistocene Epoch is of great interest to scientists studying climate change, human evolution, and the