pitho

Pitho refers to a category of large ancient Greek terracotta storage vessels. These jars were typically wide-mouthed and had a pointed base, often resting in a stand or sunk into the ground for stability. Pithoi were primarily used for the storage of bulk liquids and solids. Common contents included wine, olive oil, grain, and other foodstuffs. Their size varied considerably, with some being large enough to hold several hundred liters.

The production of pithoi was widespread throughout the ancient Greek world, and they are frequently discovered in archaeological contexts, particularly in domestic and agricultural settings. Their presence indicates a society engaged in large-scale food production and storage. The design of the pithos, with its thick walls and relatively narrow opening, helped to preserve the contents by minimizing exposure to air and light, and by regulating temperature.

In some instances, pithoi were also used for burial, particularly for infants, serving as sarcophagi. The shape and function of the pithos made it a versatile and essential item in the ancient Greek economy and daily life. Excavations of sites like Crete and mainland Greece have yielded numerous examples of these significant ceramic artifacts, providing valuable insights into ancient agricultural practices and domestic arrangements.