piroksen

Piroksen is a common mineral group within the inosilicate family, characterized by its chain silicate structure. These minerals typically form in igneous and metamorphic rocks and are significant constituents of the Earth's crust. Piroxenes exhibit a wide range of compositions, often including elements such as magnesium, iron, calcium, and aluminum, leading to various mineral varieties and solid solutions.

The general chemical formula for piroxenes can be represented as XYSi2O6, where X and Y are cations that vary among different members of the group. The most well-known piroxenes include enstatite, hyperstene, ferrosilite, and diopside. Their crystal system is usually monoclinic or orthorhombic, and they often form prismatic or tabular crystals.

Piroxenes are notable for their high-temperature stability and are commonly found in volcanic rocks such as basalt and peridotite. They also occur as phenocrysts within certain igneous bodies. In metamorphic environments, piroxenes can form during the regional metamorphism of rocks rich in magnesium and iron.

Due to their optical properties and physical characteristics, piroxenes are useful in mineral identification and petrological analysis. Their presence can provide insights into the geological history and conditions of formation of the host rocks.

Although generally stable at high temperatures, piroxenes can alter to other minerals under surface weathering conditions, often transforming into clay minerals and oxides. Their study contributes to our understanding of geological processes related to mineral genesis and mantle composition.