pilókarpín

Pilokarpín is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid found in plants of the genus Pilocarpus. It is a cholinergic agonist, meaning it stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system by activating muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. This action leads to a variety of physiological effects, primarily related to smooth muscle contraction and glandular secretions.

Historically, pilokarpín was used as an insecticide due to its potent effects on insect nervous systems. However, its most significant medicinal application is in the treatment of glaucoma. By causing contraction of the ciliary muscle, it increases the outflow of aqueous humor from the eye, thereby reducing intraocular pressure. This makes it a valuable tool in managing certain types of glaucoma.

Pilokarpín is also used to treat dry mouth (xerostomia), particularly in patients who have undergone radiation therapy to the head and neck or suffer from Sjögren's syndrome. It stimulates salivary glands, increasing saliva production. Adverse effects can include sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased urination, and blurred vision, as well as potential cardiovascular and respiratory changes with systemic administration. It is typically administered topically as eye drops for ocular conditions and orally for xerostomia.