pigmentes

Pigments are substances that impart color to other materials by selectively absorbing and reflecting certain wavelengths of light. They are typically insoluble in the medium they are applied to, distinguishing them from dyes which are soluble. Pigments can be organic or inorganic in origin. Inorganic pigments are often derived from metal oxides, sulfides, or other mineral compounds, and are known for their durability and opacity. Examples include titanium dioxide (white), iron oxides (reds, yellows, browns), and chromium oxide (green). Organic pigments are carbon-based compounds, offering a wider range of vibrant colors and often greater transparency, though they can sometimes be less stable to light and weather. Examples include phthalocyanine blues and greens, and azo yellows and reds.

The application of pigments is vast, encompassing paints, inks, plastics, cosmetics, textiles, and even food coloring. The perceived color of a pigment depends on its chemical structure and how it interacts with light. When white light strikes a pigment, certain wavelengths are absorbed, while others are reflected. The reflected wavelengths are what the human eye perceives as color. The effectiveness of a pigment is also determined by its opacity, tinting strength, lightfastness, and chemical stability. The development and selection of pigments are crucial in achieving desired aesthetic and functional properties in a wide array of manufactured goods.