piconewton

picoNewton is a unit of force in the metric system. It is equal to one trillionth of a newton. The newton is the SI unit of force, defined as the force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one meter per second squared. Therefore, a picoNewton represents an extremely small amount of force.

The prefix "pico-" denotes a factor of 10^-12. Thus, 1 pN = 10^-12 N. This unit is used in scientific contexts where forces are measured at the atomic or molecular level, or in situations requiring exceptionally high precision. Examples include atomic force microscopy, nanotechnology, and studies of intermolecular forces.

Comparing picoNewtons to everyday forces helps illustrate its magnitude. For comparison, the weight of a single grain of sand is roughly in the milliNewton range. The force exerted by a typical mosquito landing on a surface is in the microNewton range. Therefore, a picoNewton is many orders of magnitude smaller than these common forces, making it relevant for measuring incredibly weak interactions.