physicalscience

Physical science is a branch of natural science that studies non-living systems and the fundamental constituents and forces of the universe. It seeks to understand matter, energy, space, and time, and how they interact to produce the phenomena observed in the natural world. The field encompasses physics, chemistry, astronomy, and several earth and materials sciences; together these disciplines investigate the properties of matter, the structure of atoms, energy transformations, weather and climate, and the behavior of celestial bodies.

Key domains include physics (mechanics, electromagnetism, and quantum phenomena), chemistry (composition, bonding, and reactions), astronomy (celestial objects and cosmology), and earth sciences such as geology, meteorology, and oceanography, which study the Earth and its environment.

Methods in physical science combine controlled experimentation, careful observation, and mathematical and computational modeling. The discipline emphasizes reproducibility, peer review, and the use of measurement standards and units (such as SI units) to quantify results. Theory and experiment work together to test predictions and build coherent explanations of natural phenomena.

Applications of physical science drive technology, industry, medicine, and environmental management, and underpin fields such as engineering and materials science. Researchers work in universities, government laboratories, and private industry, advancing theories and developing new materials, energy systems, diagnostic tools, and methods for understanding the natural world.