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Phosgene is a highly toxic and reactive chemical compound with the formula COCl2. It is a colorless gas with a pungent odor, often described as resembling freshly cut grass. Phosgene is primarily used as a building block in the chemical industry, particularly in the production of isocyanates, which are used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and adhesives.

Phosgene is produced by the reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine gas in the presence of a catalyst, typically a copper chloride or copper phthalocyanine. The reaction is highly exothermic and requires careful temperature control to prevent runaway reactions.

Phosgene is a potent vesicant, meaning it causes severe skin and eye irritation upon contact. Inhalation of phosgene can lead to respiratory distress, pulmonary edema, and even death. Due to its high toxicity, phosgene is classified as a Schedule 1 substance under the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances, which means it is subject to strict international controls.

The use of phosgene has been significantly reduced in recent years due to its hazardous properties and the development of alternative chemical processes. However, it remains an important industrial chemical in certain applications, and its production and use are tightly regulated to ensure safety.