phlorotannin

Phlorotannins are a class of naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds found primarily in brown algae (Phaeophyceae). They are characterized by their structure, which consists of phloroglucinol units linked together. Unlike other tannins, phlorotannins do not contain gallic acid units. The number of phloroglucinol units can vary, leading to a diverse range of molecular weights and structures within this group.

These compounds are synthesized by brown algae as a defense mechanism against herbivores and pathogens, and they also play a role in UV protection. Phlorotannins exhibit a wide array of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-cancer properties. Their antioxidant activity stems from their ability to scavenge free radicals and chelate metal ions.

Research has explored the potential applications of phlorotannins in various industries. In the food industry, they have been investigated as natural food preservatives and antioxidants. In cosmetics, their anti-aging and skin-protective properties are of interest. Furthermore, their bioactivities suggest potential therapeutic uses, although further research is needed to fully elucidate their mechanisms of action and safety profiles for human consumption or application. Extraction methods and purification techniques are crucial for obtaining phlorotannins for these applications.