Phlorotannins

Phlorotannins are a group of naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds found primarily in brown algae (Phaeophyceae). They are characterized by their unique structure, composed of phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene) units linked together. Unlike other common tannins, which are derived from gallic acid or ellagic acid, phlorotannins are exclusively built from phloroglucinol monomers.

These compounds play significant roles in the marine environment, offering protection to algae against environmental stressors such as UV radiation, oxidative damage, and herbivory. Their antioxidant properties stem from the numerous hydroxyl groups present in their structure, which can readily donate hydrogen atoms to neutralize free radicals.

Phlorotannins exhibit a wide range of biological activities relevant to human health. Research has indicated potential antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. They have also been studied for their ability to modulate lipid metabolism and their cardioprotective potential. Due to these diverse bioactivities, phlorotannins are of interest for applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Extraction and purification methods are employed to isolate these compounds from algal sources for further investigation and potential utilization. The structural diversity of phlorotannins, arising from variations in the number of phloroglucinol units and the types of linkages between them, contributes to their varied biological effects.