phenylierte

Phenylierte, in English often called phenylated, refers to a chemical compound in which one or more phenyl groups (C6H5) have been attached to the molecular framework. The term is used across organic, medicinal, and materials chemistry to describe arylation with a phenyl group.

Phenylation can occur at carbon centers (C-phenylation), forming new carbon–carbon bonds, or at heteroatoms (O-, N-, S-phenylation), yielding phenyl ethers, anilines, and thioethers. The introduction of a phenyl group can alter properties such as hydrophobicity, electronic structure, and metabolic stability, a feature exploited in drug design and polymer modification.

Common approaches to achieve phenylation include: electrophilic phenylation with phenyl reagents such as phenyl halides or diazonium salts; transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (for example, Suzuki-Miyaura, Negishi, and related methods) to install C–phenyl bonds; direct C–H phenylation guided by directing groups; and aryne or diaryliodonium salt–mediated phenyl transfers. Each method offers different selectivity and substrate scope, and the choice depends on the target site and desired product.

Applications of phenylated compounds span pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and polymer materials. The phenyl group can modulate potency, lipophilicity, and binding interactions, while in materials science it can influence stability, planarity, and optical properties.

See also: phenyl group, arylation, phenylation in organic synthesis.