petlje

Petlje, also known as loops, are fundamental constructs in programming that allow a set of instructions to be repeated multiple times. They are essential for automating repetitive tasks and processing data efficiently. There are several types of loops, each with its own use case and syntax.

The most common types of loops include the for loop, while loop, and do-while loop. A for loop is typically used when the number of iterations is known beforehand. It consists of three parts: initialization, condition, and increment/decrement. For example, in Python, a for loop might look like this: for i in range(10): print(i). This loop will print numbers from 0 to 9.

A while loop, on the other hand, is used when the number of iterations is not known in advance. It continues to execute as long as a specified condition is true. For instance, in JavaScript, a while loop might be written as: let i = 0; while (i < 10) { console.log(i); i++; }. This loop will also print numbers from 0 to 9.

The do-while loop is similar to the while loop, but it guarantees that the loop body will execute at least once, regardless of the condition. This is because the condition is checked after the loop body has been executed. For example, in C++, a do-while loop might look like this: int i = 0; do { cout << i; i++; } while (i < 10);.

Nested loops are loops within loops, which can be used to process multi-dimensional data structures like matrices. However, they can also lead to increased complexity and potential performance issues if not used carefully.

Loops are integral to many programming tasks, from simple data processing to complex algorithms. Understanding how to use loops effectively is crucial for any programmer.