perícýta

Pericytes are a unique population of cells found in close association with capillaries and venules, the smallest blood vessels in the body. They are often described as being wrapped around the abluminal side of endothelial cells, which form the inner lining of these vessels. This intimate relationship suggests a crucial role in regulating blood flow and maintaining the integrity of the microvasculature.

Morphologically, pericytes are characterized by their elongated nuclei and cytoplasmic processes that extend along the vessel wall. They are embedded within a basement membrane that is shared with the endothelial cells. This structural arrangement allows for direct communication and interaction between pericytes and endothelial cells, influencing various cellular processes.

Functionally, pericytes are involved in several key aspects of vascular biology. They contribute to the stabilization of new blood vessel formation, a process known as angiogenesis. They can also contract, similar to smooth muscle cells, thereby regulating blood flow through the capillaries. Furthermore, pericytes play a role in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier, a highly selective barrier that protects the central nervous system. Emerging research also points to their involvement in immune responses and tissue repair. Due to their diverse functions and adaptability, pericytes are considered important players in both health and disease, including in conditions like cancer and diabetes.