peritoneaalmembraan

The peritoneum is a thin serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and most of the abdominal organs. It is composed of two layers: the parietal peritoneum, which lines the abdominal wall, and the visceral peritoneum, which covers the surface of most abdominal organs. The space between these two layers is called the peritoneal cavity, which normally contains a small amount of lubricating fluid. This fluid allows the organs to move and slide against each other without friction during abdominal movements like breathing and digestion.

The peritoneum plays a crucial role in the abdominal cavity. It helps to support and suspend organs in place, preventing them from shifting excessively. It also contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that supply and drain the abdominal organs. The peritoneal cavity is a potential space, meaning it is normally collapsed and not a true anatomical space. However, it can become distended with fluid or air in certain pathological conditions. Inflammation of the peritoneum is known as peritonitis, which can be a serious medical condition often caused by infection or irritation from leaking abdominal organs. Certain surgical procedures involve manipulating the peritoneum, and understanding its anatomy and function is essential for safe and effective abdominal surgery.