peritoneaalinkalvon

Peritoneaalinkalvo, known in English as the peritoneum, is a large serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs. It is a continuous sac composed of two layers: the parietal peritoneum, which lines the abdominal wall, and the visceral peritoneum, which covers the organs themselves. Between these two layers is a potential space called the peritoneal cavity, which normally contains only a small amount of lubricating fluid.

The peritoneum's primary functions include protecting the abdominal organs, facilitating their movement, and reducing friction between them. It also plays a role in the immune system, as it contains macrophages and other immune cells that can help fight off infections within the abdominal cavity. Furthermore, the peritoneum is a site for fluid absorption and secretion, contributing to the overall homeostasis of the abdominal environment.

Conditions affecting the peritoneum can include peritonitis, an inflammation of the membrane often caused by infection or irritation. This can lead to significant pain, fever, and abdominal distension. Cancers can also develop within the peritoneum, such as peritoneal carcinomatosis, where cancer cells spread from other organs to the peritoneal lining. In certain medical procedures, such as dialysis, the peritoneum is utilized for its absorptive properties.