periprokt

Periproct is the anatomical region surrounding the rectum and anal canal. The term denotes the soft-tissue space and structures that lie around the distal part of the large intestine, including the anal canal and adjacent pelvic floor tissues. Etymologically, it combines peri- meaning around with proct- derived from proctos, the Greek word for the rectum.

Anatomy and boundaries of the periproct include the anal canal, the ischiorectal (ischioanal) fossae lateral to the anal canal, surrounding connective tissue and fat, and portions of the pelvic floor muscles. The region is intimately related to vascular and neural structures and communicates with adjacent spaces depending on the level of the rectum and peritoneal reflections. The periproctal tissues participate in the normal support and function of the anorectal region and are involved in drainage pathways of the rectum.

Clinical significance of the periproct lies in its susceptibility to infections and inflammatory conditions. Perianal abscesses and fistulas in ano originate in or extend into the periproctal space and neighboring ischiorectal fossae. In colorectal surgery, understanding the periproctal anatomy is important for oncologic resections, drainage procedures, and the management of inflammatory or infectious processes involving the anorectal region. Diagnostic imaging, such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging, is commonly used to assess the extent of disease in the periproct and surrounding tissues.

See also: anal canal, rectum, ischiorectal fossa, anorectal surgery.