perikardiocentézou

Perikardiocentéza, also known as pericardiocentesis, is a medical procedure performed to remove excess fluid from the pericardial sac, the double-layered membrane surrounding the heart. This fluid accumulation, called a pericardial effusion, can put pressure on the heart, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively.

The procedure is typically performed using a needle and syringe inserted through the chest wall into the pericardial space. An ultrasound is often used to guide the needle and monitor the fluid removal. Local anesthetic is administered to the skin and underlying tissues to minimize discomfort.

Pericardiocentesis is indicated for several conditions, including cardiac tamponade, a life-threatening emergency where the effusion causes severe heart compression. It can also be used for diagnostic purposes to analyze the pericardial fluid for infection, inflammation, or malignancy. Therapeutic pericardiocentesis aims to relieve symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and palpitations caused by the effusion.

While generally safe, potential complications can occur, such as bleeding, infection, injury to the heart or lungs, or arrhythmias. The amount of fluid removed and the rate of removal are carefully managed to avoid adverse effects. After the procedure, patients are often monitored for a period to ensure stability and assess for recurrence of the effusion.