penuhi

Penuhi is an Indonesian verb meaning to fulfill, meet, or satisfy a requirement, condition, demand, or expectation. It is commonly used in contexts where someone is expected to satisfy criteria, promises, needs, or standards. The standard verb form in Indonesian is memenuhi, which is the active transitive verb meaning “to fulfill.” The form penuhi appears as the stem in certain constructions, notably in imperative sentences or when the verb is combined with affixes in other forms (for example, dipenuhi, memenuhi kebutuhan).

Etymology and morphology: penuhi derives from the root penuh (full). Through Indonesian affixation, the verb mem- and the suffix -i produce memenuhi, indicating the action of causing something to become full or complete. In practice, memenuhi is used for the act of meeting or satisfying something, while penuhi can function as the imperative or base stem in related forms.

Usage: Penuhi is typically followed by a direct object representing what is being satisfied or met, such as syarat (requirements), janji (promises), kebutuhan (needs), or harapan (hopes). Examples include memenuhi syarat, memenuhi janji, memenuhi kebutuhan, and memenuhi target. The passive form dipenuhi refers to something being fulfilled by someone or something else (the requirements were fulfilled).

See also: memenuhi syarat, memenuhi janji, memenuhi kebutuhan, pemenuhan (fulfillment). In legal, administrative, and business language, mem- + memenuhi is a common construction for expressing compliance, adherence to standards, or completion of obligations.