pektorale

Pektorale is a term used in several languages to refer to the muscles of the chest, particularly the pectoral muscles that form the anterior wall of the thorax. It is commonly associated with the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor. The word derives from the Latin pectoralis, meaning “of the chest.”

The pectoralis major is a large, fan-shaped muscle with two primary origins: the clavicular head from the inner half of the clavicle and the sternocostal head from the sternum, upper costal cartilages, and sometimes the abdominal aponeurosis. It inserts into the lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus. It is innervated by the lateral and medial pectoral nerves (C5-T1). Its actions include flexion, adduction, and internal rotation of the shoulder, and it helps bring the arm forward.

The pectoralis minor lies beneath the major. It originates from the anterior surfaces of ribs 3–5 and inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula. It stabilizes the scapula by drawing it anteriorly and inferiorly against the thoracic wall. It is innervated by the medial pectoral nerve (C8–T1). Blood supply to the region comes from the pectoral branches of the thoracoacromial trunk and perforating branches of the intercostal arteries.

Functionally, the pektorale muscles assist in pushing movements, arm flexion, and shoulder stabilization. They are commonly engaged in activities such as pressing exercises and lifting tasks. Clinical relevance includes muscle strains, tightness, or involvement in chest surgeries that may affect muscle integrity or function.