pdinitrobentene

p-Dinitrobenzene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H4(NO2)2. It is a solid at room temperature, appearing as pale yellow crystals. As the name suggests, it is a derivative of benzene where two nitro groups (-NO2) are attached to the benzene ring in a para (1,4) arrangement. p-Dinitrobenzene is one of three isomers of dinitrobenzene, the others being o-dinitrobenzene (ortho) and m-dinitrobenzene (meta).

The compound is typically synthesized through the nitration of nitrobenzene. This process involves treating nitrobenzene with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid, which introduces a second nitro group onto the ring. Due to the deactivating nature of the nitro group already present, dinitration requires more vigorous conditions than mononitration.

p-Dinitrobenzene has found some limited applications as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals, particularly dyes and explosives. However, its use is restricted due to its toxicity. It is known to be a skin irritant and can cause methemoglobinemia, a condition where the blood's ability to carry oxygen is reduced. Consequently, its handling requires significant precautions.