parsain

Parsain, also known as Persian clover or subterranean clover, is a species of clover belonging to the Fabaceae family. It is native to the Mediterranean region, with its origin tracing back to areas of Iran, Turkey, and parts of the Middle East. This annual legume is primarily cultivated as a forage crop, valued for its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil and improve pasture quality.

The plant typically grows low to the ground, forming a dense mat of trifoliate leaves. Its small, purple to pink flowers bloom during the spring and summer months. A key characteristic of parsain is its subterranean fruiting habit, meaning its seeds develop and mature underground, which aids in its reseeding and persistence in grazed pastures. This trait makes it particularly well-suited for dryland farming and areas with seasonal rainfall.

Parsain is widely used in agricultural systems for livestock grazing, contributing protein and essential nutrients to animal diets. It is also recognized for its role in crop rotation, enhancing soil fertility for subsequent crops. The species has been introduced and naturalized in many parts of the world with similar climates, including Australia and parts of North and South America. Its adaptability and beneficial agronomic properties have made it an important component of sustainable agriculture practices in various regions.