paranitrochlorobenzene

p-Nitrochlorobenzene, also known as 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H4ClNO2. It is a pale yellow crystalline solid at room temperature and is an isomer of other nitrochlorobenzenes. Its structure consists of a benzene ring substituted with a nitro group and a chlorine atom at opposite positions (para position).

p-Nitrochlorobenzene is primarily produced through the nitration of chlorobenzene using a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The reaction conditions can be controlled to favor the formation of the para isomer. It is an important intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals, including dyes, pigments, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. For example, it is used in the production of p-aminophenol, a precursor to paracetamol (acetaminophen), and p-chloroaniline, which is used in the manufacture of azo dyes.

The compound has a characteristic odor. It is sparingly soluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents like ethanol and ether. p-Nitrochlorobenzene is considered toxic and can be harmful if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin. It is also an environmental pollutant. Due to its potential hazards, proper handling procedures and safety precautions are necessary when working with this chemical. It is classified as a hazardous substance and its transportation and disposal are subject to regulations.