paralegals

Paralegals, also called legal assistants, are professionals who support lawyers by performing substantive legal work and administrative tasks under the supervision of a licensed attorney. They help prepare cases for trial, conduct legal research, draft documents, and manage files. Common duties include drafting pleadings and motions, preparing discovery requests and responses, organizing case documents, summarizing depositions, conducting factual investigations, maintaining calendars, and coordinating with clients, witnesses, and court personnel. In addition, they may assist with e-discovery, prepare trial exhibits, and assist in transactional work such as due diligence and contract administration.

Paralegals work in law firms, corporate legal departments, government agencies, and non-profit organizations. They may specialize in areas such as litigation, corporate, real estate, family law, intellectual property, immigration, or bankruptcy.

Education for paralegals typically includes an associate's or bachelor's degree in paralegal studies or a postsecondary certificate. Some programs are accredited by professional bodies; others offer noncredit or continuing education. Professional certification, such as the Certified Paralegal (CP) from NALA or the Paralegal Advanced Competency Exam (PACE) from NFPA, is voluntary and may enhance employment prospects but is not always required. Licensure or regulation varies by jurisdiction; in most places paralegals may not provide legal services or sign legal instruments without attorney supervision.

The role emerged in the mid-20th century to increase access to legal services and efficiency in law offices. Today, technology and data-intensive workflows, including document management systems and e-discovery, are common tools for paralegals.

Ethics and confidentiality are central, with paralegals bound by professional guidelines and the supervising attorney's directions. Paralegals do not practice law or represent clients independently.