pantoums

A pantoum is a poetic form consisting of four-line stanzas (quatrains) where the second and fourth lines of each stanza are repeated as the first and third lines of the next stanza. This repetition creates a cyclical or weaving effect. The first stanza's second line becomes the second stanza's first line, and the first stanza's fourth line becomes the second stanza's third line. This pattern continues throughout the poem. The final stanza typically uses the second and fourth lines of the preceding stanza, and the very last line of the poem is often the same as the very first line, bringing the poem full circle.

Pantoums are known for their ability to explore themes through repetition and variation. The repeated lines can subtly change in meaning as they reappear in different contexts within the poem. This can lead to a sense of obsession, reflection, or evolving understanding of a subject. The form originated in Malay poetry, known as a *pantun*, and was introduced to French literature in the 19th century. It was later adopted by English-language poets. While the structure is rigid, poets often find creative ways to imbue their pantoums with emotional depth and narrative progression despite the constraints of the form.