panoply

Panoply is a noun with two primary senses. The historical sense refers to a complete set of armour worn by a soldier, especially a Greek hoplite or Roman legionary. A full panoply typically included helmet, shield, cuirass or breastplate, greaves, and weapons such as a spear and sword. The term derives from the Greek panoplia “all arms,” from pan “all” and hopla “arms,” and entered English via Latin and Old French panoplie. In classical contexts the panoply symbolized the full readiness of a warrior.

In a broader sense, panoply denotes a complete or impressive array of items, features, or elements. Modern writers use the word to describe a wide or varied collection—of gadgets, policies, strategies, or responses—often to emphasize breadth, richness, or complexity. The plural form panoplies is used when referring to multiple complete sets, while panoply remains the singular.

Usage notes: While originally military, the term is now common in journalism, criticism, and technology to convey an expansive assortment. It can carry a tone of formality or ceremonial display. In older texts or certain regional usages, you may encounter the adjective form panoplied.

Example: The exhibit presented the panoply of a legionary, and the report outlined the panoply of security measures adopted by the city.