pairedsample
Paired sample, or paired data, refers to a set of observations consisting of two measurements taken on the same experimental unit or on units that have been matched in pairs. Each pair links measurements that are naturally related—for example, a subject measured before and after an intervention, or two siblings matched on age and sex. The paired structure reduces within-unit variation, increasing sensitivity to detect differences between conditions.
In analysis, researchers typically compute the difference D_i = X_{1i} − X_{2i} for i = 1 to n. The
Key assumptions include that the pairs are chosen independently and that the measurement scale is at least
Extensions of the idea include more complex repeated measures designs, where multiple related measurements are taken