paineenhäviön

Paineenhäviö refers to the reduction in pressure that occurs as a fluid flows through a system. This phenomenon is a consequence of energy dissipation within the fluid and its interaction with the boundaries of the flow path. Several factors contribute to pressure loss. Friction between the fluid particles themselves, known as viscosity, causes internal resistance. Similarly, friction between the fluid and the walls of pipes, channels, or other conduits resists flow and leads to a drop in pressure. Changes in the geometry of the flow path, such as constrictions, expansions, bends, or valves, can also induce turbulence and eddies. These turbulent structures dissipate kinetic energy into heat, resulting in a pressure decrease.

The extent of pressure loss is influenced by the fluid's properties, including its viscosity and density, as well as the flow rate. Higher flow rates generally lead to greater pressure losses due to increased frictional forces and turbulence. The length and diameter of the flow path are also critical; longer and narrower passages result in more significant pressure drops. Understanding and quantifying pressure loss is crucial in many engineering applications, such as designing pipelines for water or oil transportation, hydraulic and pneumatic systems, and HVAC systems. Accurate calculation of pressure loss allows engineers to select appropriate pumps or fans, ensure sufficient flow to the destination, and optimize system efficiency.