pHskála

The pH scale is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It was introduced by the Danish chemist Søren Sørensen in 1909. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH less than 7 indicates acidity, while a pH greater than 7 indicates alkalinity. Each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value, and each whole pH value above 7 is ten times more alkaline than the next lower value. For example, a pH of 4 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 5, and a pH of 10 is ten times more alkaline than a pH of 9. The pH scale is widely used in chemistry, biology, medicine, and environmental science to measure the acidity or basicity of substances. It is also used in agriculture, food science, and water treatment to monitor and control the pH of solutions. The pH scale is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution, with a pH of 7 corresponding to a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 x 10^-7 moles per liter. The pH scale is a useful tool for understanding and controlling the chemical properties of solutions in a wide range of applications.