pHkäsitteen

The pH concept is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration, often represented as [H+]. Mathematically, pH = -log10[H+]. Pure water at 25 degrees Celsius has a neutral pH of 7, meaning the concentration of hydrogen ions equals the concentration of hydroxide ions ([OH-]). Solutions with a pH less than 7 are considered acidic, indicating a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions. Conversely, solutions with a pH greater than 7 are alkaline or basic, signifying a lower concentration of hydrogen ions and a higher concentration of hydroxide ions. The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, though values outside this range are possible for very strong acids or bases. Understanding pH is crucial in various scientific disciplines, including chemistry, biology, environmental science, and medicine, as it influences chemical reactions, biological processes, and the behavior of substances. Changes in pH can significantly affect the properties and functions of solutions and materials.